Deep Principle has released Hydrogen-1.0, an open-weight scientific model for chemistry, materials science and life sciences. It is built by post-training Z.ai’s GLM-5.3 on domain data, laboratory records and agent discovery trajectories. For developers, it offers open weights that report a FrontierScience-Research win over GPT-6-Astra. The weights ship under the MIT License.

TL;DR

• Size: 753B parameters (MoE, ~40B active per the GLM-5.3 base), 1M-token context, 128K max output.
• Runs on: 8 GPUs with SGLang (tested); NVFP4 for NVIDIA B200/B300, MXFP4 for AMD MI350X/MI355X.
• Performance: Beats GPT-6-Astra on FrontierScience-Research; roughly matches Kimi-K3 on GPQA-Diamond.
• Best: 38.3% on FrontierScience-Research vs 33.3% for GPT-6-Astra (self-reported).
• Worst: Trails GPT-6-Astra (max thinking) by 3.33 points on NMR structure elucidation.

What is Hydrogen-1.0?

Hydrogen-1.0 is a scientific research assistant model from Deep Principle, a Hangzhou-based AI-for-materials company. The model card describes it as a GLM-5.3 derivative for scientific problem solving. It targets question framing, experiment planning, results analysis and open-ended discovery. Deep Principle team states that proprietary models produced recent AI science results, but their discovery capabilities are not open. Hydrogen-1.0 is its attempt at a reproducible, inspectable alternative.

How was Hydrogen-1.0 trained?

The pipeline combines supervised fine-tuning (SFT) with reinforcement learning (RL). Data comes from 4 sources:

• Domain knowledge: chemistry, materials science and life sciences data.
• Research scenarios: task-specific feedback from Deep Principle scientists.
• Laboratory records: full-cycle electronic lab notebook records captured through Mira.
• Discovery trajectories: sequences of choices and feedback, including failed attempts.

Infrastructure builds on Megatron and SGLang across NVIDIA CUDA and AMD ROCm. The team keeps dynamic sparse attention causal across context-parallel shards. Muon optimizer state is moved between CPU, GPU and disk per backend. RL uses resumable rollouts, and each token keeps its original behavior log-probability for importance correction. A layout adapter converts training checkpoints into BF16 and 128×128 blockwise FP8 inference weights. Full datasets and recipes are not released.

How does Hydrogen-1.0 perform on benchmarks?

On public benchmarks, Deep Principle reports Hydrogen-1.0 outperforms GPT-6-Astra on FrontierScience-Research. The tweet thread from one of the founders’ report 93.0% on GPQA-Diamond. That improves on GLM-5.3 and roughly matches Kimi-K3, per the blog.

Internal research-task evals compare it with GPT-6-Astra at maximum thinking:

• Scientific computing: Hydrogen-1.0 leads by 5.13 percentage points.
• Forward reaction prediction: Hydrogen-1.0 leads by 4.76 percentage points.
• NMR structure elucidation: GPT-6-Astra leads by 3.33 points.

In transition metal complex design, models chased a larger HOMO-LUMO gap over 5 rounds. By round 5, Hydrogen-1.0 reached a mean best-so-far gap of 4.318 eV. GPT-6-Astra reached 3.689 eV and Kimi-K3 reached 3.353 eV. On 117 experiment-planning questions, Hydrogen-1.0 scored above Kimi-K3. GPT-6-Astra and Opus-5.5 were excluded after refusing more than 50% of requests.

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What can it do in a real lab workflow?

The technical post shows 4 demos. Hydrogen-1.0 writes Python to build a polyethylene melt and runs GROMACS. It detects a topology error, repairs it, and analyzes the corrected 40 ns trajectory. It grows an Ireland-Claisen reaction network of 27 structures through 30 plausible reactions. It ranks 7 candidate monoformylation products of 2-bromonaphthalene from a 1H NMR trace. It also writes a JSON protocol for a 12-vial Suzuki coupling study. A virtual lab compilation step catches an aspiration without a fresh tip before execution.

How do you deploy Hydrogen-1.0?

Weights are on Hugging Face and ModelScope. Deep Principle team tested BF16 serving with SGLang on 8 GPUs using tensor parallelism of 8. NVFP4 targets NVIDIA B200 and B300. MXFP4 targets AMD Instinct MI350X and MI355X. The server exposes an OpenAI-compatible API with a reasoning_effort setting.

Hydrogen-1.0 vs GLM-5.3, Kimi K3 and GPT-6-Astra

Feature	Hydrogen-1.0	GLM-5.3	Kimi K3	GPT-6-Astra
Developer	Deep Principle	Z.ai	Moonshot AI	OpenAI
Total params	753B	753B (HF)	2.8T	Not disclosed
Active params	~40B (inherited)	40B (LM Studio)	16 of 896 experts	Not disclosed
Context	1M	1M	1M	1.05M
Weights / license	Open, MIT	Open, GLM-5.3 License	Open	Proprietary
Modality	Text	Text	Text + vision	Not disclosed here
Science focus	Chemistry, materials, life sciences	Coding, agents	General	General
FrontierScience-Research	38.3%	Not disclosed	Not disclosed	33.3% (per Deep Principle)
GPQA-Diamond	93.0%	Not disclosed	Not disclosed	96.0% (OpenAI-reported)
API price (in/out per 1M)<